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Script NAD

A cinematic reading of the NAD+ literature — the coenzyme drawn in a single cold light: a cellular brightness that dims with age, and the precursor research that tries to raise it back.

What the study papers establish

NAD+ papers identify who received treatment and what was tested

A weaker grip may draw your attention to a promise of renewed strength. The papers below identify who received treatment, helping you tell human findings from animal experiments.

Return to the treatment findingsLook at the health questions

Paper numbers connect a claim to the people or animals studied

A promise of easier walking needs results in people, rather than only changes in mice. These NAD+ papers examine pills, injections, and changes in older cells, with different questions tested in each.

The NMN and NR trials gave ingredients for making NAD+, while drip studies supplied NAD+ itself. The 2024-2025 reviews discuss what remains uncertain for people, alongside findings about older cells and injection risks.

Numbers beside findings match the papers below, with the year, journal, and a link for reading each paper. The papers help you see whether the people treated and the changes measured support the claim that caught your eye.

  1. Yoshino M, Yoshino J, Kayser BD, et al. Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women. Science. 2021;372(6547):1224-1229. ↗
  2. Camacho-Pereira J, Tarragó MG, Chini CCS, et al. CD38 Dictates Age-Related NAD Decline and Mitochondrial Dysfunction through an SIRT3-Dependent Mechanism. Cell Metab. 2016;23(6):1127-1139. ↗
  3. Yi L, Maier AB, Tao R, et al. The efficacy and safety of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation in healthy middle-aged adults: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-dependent clinical trial. GeroScience. 2023;45(1):29-43. ↗
  4. Conze D, Brenner C, Kruger CL. Safety and Metabolism of Long-term Administration of NIAGEN (Nicotinamide Riboside Chloride) in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial of Healthy Overweight Adults. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):9772. ↗
  5. Covarrubias AJ, Perrone R, Grozio A, Verdin E. NAD+ metabolism and its roles in cellular processes during ageing. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2021;22(2):119-141. ↗
  6. Bhasin S, Seals D, Migaud M, et al. Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide in Aging Biology: Potential Applications and Many Unknowns. Endocr Rev. 2023;44(6):1047-1073. ↗
  7. Doke T, Mukherjee S, Mukhi D, et al. NAD(+) precursor supplementation prevents mtRNA/RIG-I-dependent inflammation during kidney injury. Nat Metab. 2023;5(3):414-430. ↗
  8. Nacarelli T, Lau L, Fukumoto T, et al. NAD(+) metabolism governs the proinflammatory senescence-associated secretome. Nat Cell Biol. 2019;21(3):397-407. ↗
  9. Miao Y, Cui Z, Gao Q, Rui R, Xiong B. Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Supplementation Reverses the Declining Quality of Maternally Aged Oocytes. Cell Rep. 2020;32(5):107987. ↗
  10. Huang P, Zhou Y, Tang W, et al. Long-term treatment of Nicotinamide mononucleotide improved age-related diminished ovary reserve through enhancing the mitophagy level of granulosa cells in mice. J Nutr Biochem. 2022;101:108911. ↗
  11. Habibalahi A, Campbell JM, Bertoldo MJ, et al. Unique Deep Radiomic Signature Shows NMN Treatment Reverses Morphology of Oocytes from Aged Mice. Biomedicines. 2022;10(7):1544. ↗
  12. Schaefer PM, Huang J, Butic A, et al. Nicotinamide riboside alleviates exercise intolerance in ANT1-deficient mice. Mol Metab. 2022;64:101560. ↗
  13. Vinten KT, Trętowicz MM, Coskun E, et al. NAD(+) precursor supplementation in human ageing: clinical evidence and challenges. Nat Metab. 2025. ↗
  14. Chini CCS, Cordeiro HS, Tran NLK, Chini EN. NAD metabolism: Role in senescence regulation and aging. Aging Cell. 2024;23(1):e13920. ↗
  15. Wang M, Liu Z, Wang Z, et al. Research advances in the function and anti-aging effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2024;25(9):717-732. ↗